Understanding NBTHK Certification — How to Read Papers and Grade Differences

The most authoritative body for authenticating Japanese swords is the NBTHK (Nihon Bijutsu Token Hozon Kyokai — Society for the Preservation of Japanese Art Swords).

Hozon (Worthy of Preservation) is granted to swords the NBTHK deems worth preserving. Many are from the Edo period onward and are suitable for entry-level collections.

Tokubetsu Hozon (Especially Worthy of Preservation) is a higher grade for swords of particularly fine quality among Hozon pieces. Swords must pass an upgrade review from Hozon status.

Juyo (Important) is reserved for swords of exceptional historical and artistic merit. Awarded through rigorous annual reviews, the pass rate is notably low.

Tokubetsu Juyo (Especially Important) is the highest grade, ranking just below National Treasures and Important Cultural Properties. Very few exist, and they rarely appear on the market.

Certification papers document the sword's inscription, era, province, smith, and measurements. The presence or absence of these papers significantly affects pricing, so we always recommend verifying them before purchase.